Managing unexpected findings during cervical smear testing

This module highlights 10 potential problems that nurses need to look out for when conducting a cervical smear test and the appropriate actions they need to take

Cervical screening is a routine procedure but can be challenging, and practice nurses play a central role in ensuring it is carried out safely, sensitively and effectively.

Although most smear appointments are straightforward, unexpected findings can arise. These may relate to the cervix itself, the surrounding genital tract or factors that influence the safety or quality of the sample.

Recognising these findings and responding in line with local protocols, national screening guidance and the nurse’s professional scope is essential for patient safety and programme effectiveness.

This module outlines several unexpected findings a practice nurse may encounter during a smear test and describes the general principles guiding appropriate actions.

Reviewed by: Dr Keith Hopcroft, GP and Cogora clinical advisor

Date: 29.05.2026